Water Main Tapping Devices and Methods

ABSTRACT

A water main tapping device and method includes a saddle body including an arcuate portion between a first end and a second end, wherein the saddle body includes a saddle opening at a location between the first end and the second end, and a corporation stop body formed integrally with and extending from the saddle body. The corporation stop body includes a base with an inlet cavity in fluid communication with the saddle opening, a housing extending from the base and having a valve cavity in which a rotatable valve is positioned and which is in fluid communication with the inlet cavity, and a connector end extending from the housing and including an outlet in fluid communication with the valve cavity.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present subject matter relates generally to a water main tappingdevice. More specifically, the present invention relates to a water maintapping device that includes an integrated service saddle andcorporation stop valve for use on a water main line.

In a given community, drinking water is provided to consumers through awater distribution system that includes a number of water mains withindividual service lines branching outwardly therefrom. Water mainstypically range between about 3 in. and about 36 in. in diameter andoperate at a typical water pressure of between about 35 psi and about150 psi. Tapping into a water main is necessary when water samples needto be collected, air release valves or chemical injectors need to beconnected, or a new branch needs to be installed. Because of the highpressure within the water main, a corporation stop valve must beutilized to tap into the water main, as it allows for appropriatesealing under such pressure.

Use of a conventional corporation valve requires the followingmaterials: a saddle including a centrally located gasketed opening, acorporation stop, and a rapid feed tapping drill. The saddle is firstpositioned about the water main and secured in place by tightening thebolts. Pipe thread tape is applied to the male threads of thecorporation stop before the it is screwed into the female threads of thepipe saddle. Attention must be paid to the placement of the pipe threadtape, as applying the tape in the wrong direction will result in anunsealed joint. To screw the corporation stop into place, a smooth jawedwrench must be positioned carefully on the surface of the corporationvalve to avoid damage. The corporation stop must not be overtightened,which would result in moving the saddle from its original location,thereby creating a leak path for the pressurized water. After the valvewithin the corporation stop is moved into the open position, the rapidfeed pipe tapping drill is inserted into the corporation stop and theopening on the saddle so that drill bit strikes the water main. Thedrill is rotated until the drill bit has successfully perforated thewater main. After removing the rapid feed tapping drill from the watermain, the drill bit is backed off into the removal position in the pipetapping drill adapter. The corporation stop is then moved into theclosed position. With no pressure or leakage, the pipe tapping drill isnow removed from the corporation stop. The new service line, the airrelease valve, the chemical injector, or the equipment for collectingsamples is then connected to the corporation valve. Two wrenches areneeded to secure the service line: one to hold the corporation valve,and another to tighten the service line to the valve.

Installation of the corporation stop valve onto the saddle necessitatesseveral steps: preparation of different materials in variable outdoorconditions, application of finicky Teflon pipe thread tape, and thestrenuous wrenching of a corporation stop down into the saddle.Misapplication or even the duration of use of the Teflon pipe threadtape can lead to corrosion, stripping, or otherwise damage to thethreads of the corporation stop. Frequently, irregular torsion, misuse,or degradation by age causes ruptures in the seal due to stripping ofthe threads or removal of the pipe thread tape. Such leaks can occuroften in the field due to lack of tightening, over tightening, andpoorly applied pipe thread tape. Typically, at this level ofconstruction, the newest employees get the job of getting in thehole/ditch to install saddles and corporation stops. This normallyunskilled labor can propagate additional mistakes, as the specificity ofthe number of required turns to install the corporation stop in thesaddle is quite high and often overlooked by more novice employees.

Existing corporation stop valves also require specific tools forcomplete functioning. One example is a specific style of wrenchnecessitated for maintenance of the stop valve, wherein the use ofsmooth jawed wrench on the flats provided nearest the thread being madeup is preferred. Loose fitting pipe wrenches, improperly applied, candistort the body and cause a leak, especially on valves. Suchspecificity is common and can create situations in which maintenancecrews lacking appropriate equipment must either abandon the repair orproceed and endanger the integrity of the corporation stop.

Absent employee error, the external male threads of the corporation stopcan be damaged by external factors, or by negligence in manufacturingthat is passed along to the user. In the field, threads can be easilydamaged by lack of care or negligence by workers. For example, exposedthreads may become damaged by being hit by tools in a truck bed ordented by rocks, asphalt, or concrete at the installation site beforeinstallation. Threads must be protected as nicks or distorted threadscan cause leaks between the female threads of the saddle and the malethreads of the corporation stop.

Additionally, installation of the corporation stop valve can bedangerous for users to install and work on. Injuries to the knuckles andhands are common, and the danger is expedited when the work is conductedin the presence of a pressurized water main. Moreover, since water mainsare buried under streets, a leaking saddle and corporation stopconnection typically will not manifest itself for some time, thuscausing costly repair and back charges with negative effects oncommunities, because the street will have to be closed off, isolated,and dug up again in order to replace the leaking corporation stop. Therepairs lead to a lack of water supply, which may become costly forlocal business are affected.

Accordingly, there is a need for a water main tapping device thatminimizes the components and tools needed, thereby minimizing thechances for damage and leakage during and after installation.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To meet the needs described above and others, the present disclosureprovides a water main tapping device that includes an integral saddleand corporation stop configuration. By providing a singular deviceincorporating both the saddle and the corporation stop, the water maintapping device enables a more simplified installation processconstituting fewer steps, resulting in a significantly diminished chanceof leakage and decreased risk of user injury.

During use, the water main tapping device mates with a saddle back plateto form a tight fit around a water main line. In some embodiments, thewater main tapping device is made of stainless steel, although anysuitable material as is known in the art may be used.

The saddle body of the water main tapping device of the presentapplication has an arcuate shape that extends between a first clamp endand a second clamp end. A saddle opening at a midpoint between the firstand second clamp ends allows for direct access to the water main duringuse.

The corporation stop body includes a base that joins the saddle bodyadjacent to the saddle opening, a housing atop the base, and a connectorend atop the housing. An inlet cavity within the base is in fluidcommunication with the saddle opening. A housing supported by the baseincludes a valve cavity in which a valve is positioned and rotatablebetween an open position and a closed position. The valve may be a ballvalve, a plug valve, or any other suitable valve as desired. The housingalso includes an upper bore and a lower bore above and below the valvecavity. The upper bore connects the valve cavity to the inlet cavity ofthe base. The connector end extends above the housing and includes anoutlet cavity that is in fluid communication with the upper bore of thehousing. The opening of the saddle body, the inlet cavity, the valvecavity, and the outlet cavity are in fluid communication. The upper andlower bores also provide fluid communication between the inlet cavity,the valve cavity, and the outlet cavity.

In some embodiments, the water main tapping device may include anadapter mounted onto the connector end of the corporation stop body forconnecting to a variety of service line sizes.

In one example, the water main tapping device includes a saddle bodyincluding an arcuate shape between a first clamp end and a second clampend, wherein the saddle body includes a saddle opening at a pointbetween the first clamp end and the second clamp end, and a corporationstop body formed integrally with the saddle body at the saddle opening.The corporation stop body includes a base on the saddle body, a housingatop the base, and a connector end atop the housing. A valve housed in avalve cavity within the housing of the corporation stop body. The baseof the corporation stop body includes an inlet cavity and the connectorend of the corporation stop body includes an outlet cavity, and theopening of the saddle body, the inlet cavity, the valve cavity, and theoutlet cavity are in fluid communication.

The valve may be a ball valve, a plug valve, or any other suitablevalve. The outer surface of the connector end and/or the inner surfaceof the adapter may be threaded.

In a further example, a method of tapping a water main under pressureusing a drill includes the step of providing a water main tappingdevice. The water main tapping device includes a saddle body includingan arcuate shape between a first clamp end and a second clamp end,wherein the saddle body includes a saddle opening at a point between thefirst clamp end and the second clamp end, and a corporation stop bodyformed integrally with the saddle body at the saddle opening. Thecorporation stop body includes a base on the saddle body, a housing atopthe base, and a connector end atop the housing. A valve housed in avalve cavity within the housing of the corporation stop body. The baseof the corporation stop body includes an inlet cavity and the connectorend of the corporation stop body includes an outlet cavity, and theopening of the saddle body, the inlet cavity, the valve cavity, and theoutlet cavity are in fluid communication.

The method further includes the steps of securing the water main tappingdevice to a saddle back plate about the water main by tightening aplurality of nuts about a plurality of bolts positioned through thefirst and second camp ends and the saddle back plate; inserting thedrill through the corporation stop body and the saddle opening to strikethe water main; drilling into the water main; removing the drill fromthe water main tapping device; and connecting a service line to theconnector end of the corporation stop body.

An object of the invention is to provide a water main tapping devicethat minimizes or eliminates leakage, simplifies the installationprocess, and reduces the likelihood of damage on the device.

An advantage of the invention is that it eliminates the male-femaleconnection of the corporation stop and the saddle assembly, resulting inthe elimination of leakage at that juncture due to damaged threads atthe connection and/or improper application of pipe thread tape and thereduction of time to install the new service line.

Another advantage of the invention is to avoid incongruous parts bysimplifying the number of required tools and components to tap a watermain. As an example, the water main tapping device of the presentapplication does not require the use of a specific wrench to tighten thecorporation stop onto the saddle, and thus eliminates the possibility ofdamaging the corporation stop using the wrong tool, or even the correcttool, incorrectly.

A further advantage of the invention is avoiding future construction andrepair necessary to address slow leaks that fail to manifest themselvesuntil years after installation.

Yet another advantage of the present invention are the safetyadvantages. Because the water main tapping device requires fewercomponents and consequently fewer installation steps, users are lesslikely to injure their hands and knuckles during installation.

Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the examples willbe set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part willbecome apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of thefollowing description and the accompanying drawings or may be learned byproduction or operation of the examples. The objects and advantages ofthe concepts may be realized and attained by means of the methodologies,instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in theappended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawing figures depict one or more implementations in accord withthe present concepts, by way of example only, not by way of limitations.In the figures, like reference numerals refer to the same or similarelements.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a water main tapping device of thepresent application.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the water main tapping device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view generally taken along lines 3-3 of thewater main tapping device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the water main tapping device ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view generally taken along lines 5-5 of thewater main tapping device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of the water main tapping device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 is a bottom plan view of the water main tapping device of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are cross-sectional views generally taken along lines3-3 of the water main tapping device of FIG. 1 showing a valve stopperin the open and closed positions, respectively.

FIGS. 9A-9F include the views of FIGS. 2-7 including exemplary dimensionof the water main tapping device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 is a front view of a further embodiment of a water main tappingdevice of the present application.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view generally taken along lines 10-10 ofthe water main tapping device of FIG. 9.

FIG. 12 is a side elevational view of the water main tapping device ofFIG. 9.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view generally taken along lines 12-12 ofthe water main tapping device of FIG. 9.

FIG. 14 is a plan view of the water main tapping device of FIG. 9.

FIG. 15 is a bottom plan view of the water main tapping device of FIG.9.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIGS. 1-9F illustrate an example of a water main tapping device 100. Asshown in FIG. 1, the water main tapping device 100 includes a saddlebody 102 and a corporation stop body 104 formed integrally together. Thewater main tapping device 100 mates with a saddle back plate 106 to forma tight fit around a water main line 108. The water main tapping device100 can be formed from any structural material appropriate such asstainless steel, “no-lead brass”, and ductile iron per ASTM A536. Ofcourse, numerous known substitutes may be used, as will be recognized bythose skilled in the art.

Referring to FIG. 2, the saddle body 102 extends between a first clampend 110 and a second clamp end 112. The saddle body 102 has an arcuateshape that corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the water main108. A saddle opening 114 at a midpoint between the first and secondclamp ends 110, 112 allows for direct access to the water main 108during use.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, each of the first and second clamp ends 110,112 include a first and second shoulder portion 116, 118, respectively,for receiving and supporting bolts 120, 122 and nuts 121, 123 (FIG. 1)that secure the water main tapping device 100 to the saddle back plate106. The first shoulder portion 116 includes a plurality of openings 124for receiving a first plurality of bolts 120, and the second shoulderportion 118 includes a plurality of U-shaped grooves 126 (see FIG. 4)for receiving a second plurality of bolts 122.

Seen best in FIG. 3, the corporation stop body 104 joins the saddle body102 at a base 128 formed around the saddle opening 114. The base 128includes an inlet cavity 130 that is in fluid communication with thesaddle opening 114. The base 128 has a base thickness that is greaterthan a thickness of the saddle body 102.

Referring to FIGS. 2-5, the corporation stop body 104 also includes ahousing 132 that is supported by the base 128. A valve (not shown), suchas, but not limited to, a ball valve, is positioned within a valvecavity 134 of the housing 132 and moves between an open position,permitting water flow through the water main tapping device 100, and aclosed position, preventing water from flowing through the water maintapping device 100. The housing 132 also includes an upper bore 136 aabove the valve cavity 134 and a lower bore 136 b below the valve cavity134. The upper bore 136 a connects the valve cavity 134 with the inletcavity 130 of the base 128. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1-7,the valve cavity 134 extends fully through the housing 132 along a firstaxis 138 parallel to the water main 108. Along a second axis 140perpendicular to the water main 108, the valve cavity 134 includes sidewalls 142 that are shaped to receive a ball valve (not shown). Referringto FIGS. 8A and 8B, a valve stopper 143 is shown in the open and closedpositions, respectively, within the valve body 104. Specifically, thevalve stopper 143 includes a valve stopper bore 145 that is aligned withthe cavities 114, 130, 146 of the valve body 104 in the open position.In the closed position, the valve stopper bore 145 that is transverse tothe cavities 114, 130, 146 of the valve body 104. A user rotates thevalve stopper 143 by manipulating a handle 147 on the valve stopper 143that is positioned external to the valve body 104. In other embodiments,the side walls 142 may be shaped to accommodate any size or shape ofvalve as preferred.

Finally, the corporation stop body 104 also includes a connector end 144extending above the housing 132. The connector end 144 includes anoutlet cavity 146 that is in fluid communication with the upper bore 136b of the housing 132, thereby also in fluid communication with the valvecavity 134, the inlet cavity 130, and the saddle opening 114. Aplurality of threads 148 on an outer surface 150 of the connector end144 are used to attach piping or other tools for conveying water fromthe water main 108.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9F, the illustrated water maintapping device 100 has the dimensions recited in the following table, itbeing understood that the dimensions are exemplary only and do not limitthe scope of any claims herein, except as may be recited thereby,together with equivalents thereof:

TABLE 1 Dimensions for FIGS. 8A-9F Dimensions (in., unless otherwisespecified) FIG. 9A A 2.158 B 1.688 C 1 D 0.05 (radius of curvature) E0.30 (radius of curvature) F 0.50 (radius of curvature) G 3 degrees H0.06 (radius of curvature) J “B” (see Table 2 below) FIG. 9B K 0.900 L0.057 M 0.0725 (chamfer) N 0.75 P 0.10 (radius of curvature) Q 1.097 R1.305 S 0.75 T 1.00 FIG. 9C U 1.500 V 0.105 W 0.352 X 0.25 Y 0.05(radius of curvature) Z 2.380 FIG. 9D AA 1.688 AB 0.05 (radius ofcurvature) AC 5 degrees AD “F” (see Table 2 below) AE 0.250 AF 0.131 AG0.124 AH 1.44 AJ 0.209 AK 0.50 (radius of curvature) AL “C” (see Table 2below) FIG. 9E AM 0.940 AN 2.88 AP 1.44 AQ 0.718 AR 0.97 AS 0.222 AT0.359 (radius of curvature) AU 0.969 AV 0.126 AW 0.252 AX 0.170 AY 0.85FIG. 9F AZ 3.156 BA 0.190 (radius of curvature) BB 0.609 (radius ofcurvature) BC “D” (see Table 2 below) BD 0.61 (radius of curvature) BE0.41 (radius of curvature) BF 3.160 BG 0.718 BH “E” (see Table 2 below)

TABLE 2 Dimensions for “B”-“E” of FIGS. 9A-9F Various Part Nos. “B” “C”“D” “E” “F” 1 4.60 1.78 5.79 2.89 1.19 2 6.73 2.61 7.86 3.93 1.19 3 8.733.38 9.86 4.93 1.44 4 11.20 4.34 12.26 6.13 1.44 5 13.30 5.15 14.31 7.161.44

FIGS. 10-15 illustrate a second embodiment of the water main tappingdevice 200 of the present application that utilizes a plug valve 243 inlieu of the ball valve of the water main tapping device 100 of FIGS.1-8B. Similar to the water main tapping device 100, the water maintapping device 200 includes a corporation stop body 204 formedintegrally with a saddle body 202 as shown in FIG. 10. Referring to FIG.11, the corporation stop body 204 includes a base 228 on the saddle body202, a housing 232 atop the base 228, and a connector end 244 atop thehousing 232. The saddle opening 214, the inlet cavity 230 of the base228, the valve cavity 234 of the housing 232, and the outlet cavity 246of the connector end 244 are in fluid communication. The bore 236extending through the housing 232 connects the inlet cavity 230 and theoutlet cavity 246.

FIG. 13 illustrates side walls 242 of the housing 232 of the corporationstop body 204 defining a valve cavity 234 that is shaped to retain theplug valve 243. Seen best in FIGS. 11 and 13, the plug valve 243includes a plug valve port 245 that extends through a plug valve body247. The plug valve 243 may be rotated between an open position, wherethe plug valve port 245 is aligned with the bore 236 of the housing 232,and a closed position, where the plug valve body 247 is aligned with thebore 236 of the housing 232 as shown in FIG. 13, thereby preventingwater from flowing through.

Further, an adaptor 252 may be provided on the connection end 244 of thecorporation stop body 204 for connecting to various sized outlet pipesor service lines. A plurality of threads 254 on an inner surface 256 ofthe adaptor 252 allows for such connection. Alternatively, an outletpipe, a service line, an air release valve, a chemical injector, or anyother suitable apparatus may connect directly to the connection end 244of the corporation stop body 204.

During use, a user secures the water main tapping device 100 about awater main 108 by threading bolts 120, 122 either through or secured tothe saddle back plate 106 through the first and second clamp ends 110,112 and tightening nuts 121, 123 about the bolts 120, 122 to ensure asecure fit. The valve within the corporation stop body 104 is moved intothe open position.

Next, a hot tapping drill is inserted through the connector end 144, thehousing 132, the base 128, and the saddle opening 114 of the water maintapping device 100. The user operates the drill to penetrate the watermain 108.

Once the water main 108 has been penetrated, and the user withdraws thedrill from the water main 108, from the corporation stop body 104, andinto the tapping drill adapter. The user then closes the valve stopper143 within the corporation stop body 104. The hot tapping drill is thenremoved from the corporation stop body 104. An outlet pipe, serviceline, air release valve, chemical injector, or other containers forcollecting water samples, may be attached to the connector end 144 ofthe corporation stop body 104. Once the connection is secure, the valveis opened.

It should be noted that various changes and modifications to thepresently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent tothose skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications may be madewithout departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention andwithout diminishing its attendant advantages.

1-8. (canceled)
 9. A water main tapping device for receiving a drill comprising: a saddle body including an arcuate portion having a length between a first end and a second end and a width extending perpendicular to the length, wherein the saddle body includes a saddle opening in the arcuate portion located between the first end and the second end and the arcuate portion having a thickness adjacent the saddle opening; the arcuate portion of the saddle body having an arcuate surface configured for mounting adjacent a water main; a corporation stop body formed integrally as a single piece with and extending from the saddle body; the corporation stop body includes a base with an inlet cavity in fluid communication with the saddle opening, a housing extending from the base and having a valve cavity in which a rotatable valve is positioned and which is in fluid communication with the inlet cavity, and a connector end extending from the housing and including an outlet in fluid communication with the valve cavity; the base having a length and width, and the base extending from and providing added thickness to the arcuate portion of the saddle body adjacent the saddle opening; the rotatable valve comprising a valve element, wherein a bore extends through the valve element and is perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the valve element, wherein the bore through the valve element is located between and axially aligned with the saddle opening and the outlet when the valve element is in a fully open position, and when the valve element is rotated one quarter turn to a closed position the valve element occupies the same axial position as when in the fully open position but prevents fluid flow between the saddle opening and the outlet; wherein the rotatable position of the valve element controls fluid flow between the saddle opening and the outlet; and wherein when the valve element is in the fully open position, a drill may be inserted through the axially aligned outlet, the bore through the valve element and the saddle opening.
 10. The water main tapping device of claim 9, wherein the valve element comprises a ball or plug valve.
 11. The water main tapping device of claim 9, wherein the integrally formed saddle body and corporation stop body comprise metal.
 12. The water main tapping device of claim 11, wherein the metal further comprises stainless steel.
 13. The water main tapping device of claim 9, wherein a surface of the connector end is threaded.
 14. The water main tapping device of claim 9, further comprising an adapter threaded onto the connector end.
 15. The water main tapping device of claim 9, further comprising a saddle back portion positioned opposite the saddle body and about the water main, wherein a first end of the saddle back portion is connected to the first end of the saddle body and a second end of the saddle back portion is connected to the second end of the saddle body.
 16. The water main tapping device of claim 15, wherein the ends of the saddle back portion are connected to the ends of the saddle body by fasteners.
 17. The water main tapping device of claim 9, wherein the base is circular.
 18. The water main tapping device of claim 9, wherein the housing has a length and width that are less than the length and width of the base, respectively.
 19. The water main tapping device of claim 9, wherein the integrally formed saddle body and corporation stop body have a height that is no more than three times a largest radial dimension of the valve element.
 20. A method of tapping a water main using a drill, comprising the steps of: providing a water main tapping device comprising: a saddle body including an arcuate portion having a length between a first end and a second end and a width extending perpendicular to the length, wherein the saddle body includes a saddle opening in the arcuate portion between the first end and the second end, and the arcuate portion having a thickness adjacent the saddle opening; the arcuate portion of the saddle body having an arcuate surface configured for mounting adjacent the water main; a corporation stop body formed integrally as a single piece with and extending from the saddle body; the corporation stop body includes a base with an inlet cavity in fluid communication with the saddle opening, a housing extending from the base and having a valve cavity in which a rotatable valve is positioned and which is in fluid communication with the inlet cavity, and a connector end extending from the housing and including an outlet in fluid communication with the valve cavity; the base having a length and width, and the base extending from and providing added thickness to the arcuate portion of the saddle body adjacent the saddle opening; the housing having a length and width that are less than the length and width of the base, respectively; the rotatable valve housed in a valve cavity within the housing of the corporation stop body comprising a valve element further comprising a bore that extends through the valve element and is perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the valve element, wherein the bore through the valve element is located between and axially aligned with the saddle opening and the outlet when the valve element is in a fully open position, and when the valve element is rotated one quarter turn to a closed position the valve element occupies the same axial position as when in the fully open position but prevents fluid flow between the saddle opening and the outlet; wherein the rotatable position of the valve element controls fluid flow between the saddle opening and the outlet; and securing the water main tapping device to a saddle back portion about the water main; ensuring the rotational position of the valve element is in the fully open position; inserting the drill through the outlet, the valve element bore, and the saddle opening to strike the water main; drilling into the water main; removing the drill from the water main tapping device; and rotating the valve element to the closed position.
 21. The method of tapping a water main of claim 21, wherein a surface of the corporation stop body near the outlet is threaded.
 22. The method of tapping a water main of claim 20, wherein the integrally formed single piece corporation stop body and saddle body comprise metal.
 23. The method of tapping water main claim 22, wherein the metal further comprises stainless steel.
 24. The method of tapping a water main of claim 20, wherein securing the water main tapping device to a saddle back portion further comprises connecting the first and second ends of the arcuate portion of the saddle body to first and second ends of the saddle back portion.
 25. The method of tapping a water main of claim 24, wherein the ends of the saddle back portion are connected to the ends of the saddle body by fasteners.
 26. The method of tapping a water main of claim 20, wherein the base is circular.
 27. The method of tapping a water main of claim 20, wherein the integrally formed saddle body and corporation stop body have a height that is no more than three times a largest radial dimension of the valve element.
 28. The method of tapping a water main of claim 20, wherein the valve element comprises a ball or plug valve. 